A rotator cuff injury refers to damage to one or more of the four muscles and their tendons that make up the rotator cuff in the shoulder. These muscles and tendons are crucial in stabilizing and moving the shoulder joint.
The Rotator Cuff Muscles and Tendons:
Supraspinatus: Helps lift the arm and stabilize the shoulder.
Infraspinatus: Allows for external rotation of the arm.
Teres Minor: Assists in external rotation and stabilization.
Subscapularis: Facilitates internal rotation of the arm and stabilizes the shoulder joint.
Types of Rotator Cuff Injuries:
Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendons, often caused by overuse or repetitive stress.
Tendinosis: Degeneration of the tendons without inflammation, typically due to chronic overuse.
Tear: A partial or full-thickness tear of one or more of the rotator cuff tendons, resulting from acute injury or gradual wear and tear.
Symptoms of Rotator Cuff Injury:
Pain: Especially when lifting the arm or during overhead activities.
Weakness: Difficulty lifting or rotating the arm.
Stiffness: Reduced range of motion.
Clicking or Popping: Sensation or sound during shoulder movement.
Physiotherapy Program includes:
1- Exercise Therapy:
Range of Motion Exercises: To maintain and improve flexibility.
Strengthening Exercises: Focus on the rotator cuff muscles and scapular stabilizers. Common exercises include external rotations, internal rotations, and shoulder presses.
Stretching Exercises: To alleviate tightness and improve shoulder mobility.
2- Manual Therapy:
Techniques such as joint mobilizations or soft tissue massage to improve joint function and reduce muscle tension.
3- Education and Activity Modification:
Guidance on proper body mechanics and modification of activities to avoid exacerbating the injury.
4- Functional Training:
Gradual return to functional activities and sports, with specific drills tailored to the individual’s needs and goals.